Management of fetal hydrocephalus slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Non surgical management is treatment of symptomatic hydrocephalus and includes. This typically causes increased pressure inside the skull. Historically, the management approaches offered to adult patients have been extrapolations of the experiences obtained from treating pediatric patients. Hydrocephalus ex vacuo is often classified as a form of hydrocephalus, however, this is a misnomer as it is not a true hydrocephalus. Signs of congenital hydrocephalus include an enlarged, domeshaped head with persistent fontanelles and open cranial sutures fig. Congenital hydrocephalus is present at birth and may be caused by either environmental influences during fetal development or genetic predisposition. The second most common reason for being sued for negligence in neurosurgery is a problem related to hydrocephalus management the first being spinal surgery. In babies, it may be seen as a rapid increase in head size. This type of hydrocephalus can affect individuals of all ages and may be caused by injury or disease. Management of hydrocephalus 71 it is a minimally invasive procedure whic h is used in children with obstructive hydrocephalus such as aqueduct stenosis or tumor that have normal or near normal. Symptoms of gait disturbance, mild dementia and poor bladder control occur with other health conditions that affect people over 60.
Description of hydrocephalus can be found in ancient medical literature from egypt as old as 500 ad. Hydrocephalus knowledge for medical students and physicians. However, pointing on the fact that still no state of the art exists. This chapter deals with causes and management of hydrocephalus. Endoscopic management and modification of shunts have played a major role in the management of hydrocephalus all around the world and new innovative uses of these tools have also come from the.
Surgical management of hydrocephalus in the adult clinical gate. Infants commonly present with progressive macrocephaly whereas children older than 2 years. Approaches to learning and teaching with hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus is a condition characterized by an excess of cerebrospinal fluid csf within the ventricular and subarachnoid spaces of the cranial cavity. Although the need for prolonged followup of patients with. Management of hydrocephalus hydrocephalus association. Management of the hydrocephalus and outcome free download as powerpoint presentation. Jun 04, 2018 hydrocephalus can be defined broadly as a disturbance of formation, flow, or absorption of cerebrospinal fluid csf that leads to an increase in volume occupied by this fluid in the cns. Conclusion hydrocephalus is a lifelong condition,for which there is no cure. We identified and classified relevant published studies according to 2004 and 2011 american academy of neurology methodology. Cerebrospinal fluid and hydrocephalus moffitt cancer center. Hydrocephalus affects hundreds of thousands of americans, in every stage of life, from infants to the elderly hydrocephalus is a condition characterized by an excess of cerebrospinal fluid csf within the ventricular and subarachnoid spaces of the cranial cavity the term hydrocephalus is derived from two words. The incidence of congenital hydrocephalus ranges between 0. Obstructive hydrocephalus an overview sciencedirect topics.
Neonatal hydrocephalus american academy of pediatrics. Management problems in acute hydrocephalus after subarachnoid. As the name implies, it is a condition in which the primary characteristic is excessive accumulation of fluid in the brain. Rutka, in principles of neurological surgery fourth edition, 2018. Frim, richard penn, maureen lacy hydrocephalus, from the greek word meaning water in the head, is a general term used to describe many conditions of fluid collected in the intracranial space. We evaluated evidence for utility of shunting in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus inph and for predictors of shunting effectiveness. To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. However, definition of proper indications and adequate training in neuroendoscopic techniques seem to represent the preeminent trend for new generations of neurosurgeons. Intrathecal csf dynamic measurements in hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus nursing care planning and management. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. During a two year period, 25 patients diagnosed as having an intraventricular haemorrhage with obstructive hydrocephalus secondary to hypertension were included in this study. In august 1992 a lumbar puncture was done and an opening pressure of 210 mm of h 2 o was found.
Hydrocephalus is a condition where there is an excessive amount of csf that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. Hydrocephalus affects cognitive, social and physical development and abilities in diverse ways. In a series of 3 patients with hydrocephalus for whom followup data is known, cerebrospinal fluid was shunted to the peritoneal cavity in 53. International neuroscience institute hannover alexiscarrelstr. Pdf the three major clinical manifestations of spina bifida hydrocephalus. Blood can fill the subarachnoid cisterns or coat the arachnoid villi. Download fulltext pdf management of normal pressure hydrocephalus article pdf available in american family physician 706. Older people may have headaches, double vision, poor balance, urinary incontinence, personality changes, or mental impairment. Management of the hydrocephalus and outcome cerebrospinal. Management of hydrocephalus in children with posterior fossa. Hydrocephalus is characterized by abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid csf in the ventricles of the brain. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Without treatment, damage to the brain tissues may occur. Open access is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all.
Normal pressure hydrocephalus, a condition seen predominantly in adults in which the cerebral ventricles are pathologically enlarged, but the icp is not elevated, is also discussed separately. Its based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. Jan 06, 2019 adult hydrocephalus is an insidious yet treatable condition that develops slowly, with usual onset around 60 years of age. An algorithmic approach to the management of unrecognized. It can develop at any age and its incidence is increasing, both in. Hydrocephalus in children kristopher t kahle, abhaya v kulkarni, david d limbrick jr, benjamin c warf hydrocephalus is a common disorder of cerebral spinal. In recent years, there have been remarkable advances in the treatment.
Acquired hydrocephalus develops at the time of birth or at some point afterward. However, not all dogs with a persistent fontanelle have hydrocephalus and not all patients with congenital or earlyonset hydrocephalus have a persistent fontanelle. Mar 20, 20 hydrocephalus is a condition in which a disease state or defect causes an increase in the amount of cerebrospinal fluid csf present in the cranium, most commonly resulting in increased pressure against the brain tissue. Pdf management of obstructive hydrocephalus in pregnant. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect. Cranial sonogram demonstrating ventriculoamniotic shunt protruding from fetal skull. Full text full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version.
Rationale neurosurgical diseases are generally acute, but successful management frequently transforms them into chronic conditions. We report the results following endoscopic decompression of obstructive hydrocephalus and evacuation of haematoma in patients with hypertensive intraventricular haemorrhage. In 11 more patients acute hydrocephalus developed within 1 week after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Hydrocephalus is a condition in which an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid csf occurs within the brain. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 251k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. After completing this article, readers should be able to. Nonsurgical clinicians treating children with hydrocephalus, with or without shunts, often have questions about disease recognition, shunt. The management of 53 consecutive documented cases of fetal hydrocephalus is presented. Hydrocephalus can affect balance, coordination, mobility and walking ability.
Management of hydrocephalus in childhood springerlink. We sought to determine methods of precise gradation of hydrocephalus in patients with spina bifida. Hydrocephalus physiotherapy treatment hydrocephalus. Nonetheless,with advances in medical treatment,children with hydrocephalus are growing up to live long,full lives. Thirtyeight 8% of all 473 patients subsequently showed clinical deterioration because of acute hydrocephalus. Aside from nph, there is a relative paucity of literature and clinical studies pertaining specifically to the surgical management of adult hydrocephalus conditions. However, the good news is that the overall standard of care for patients with hydrocephalus appears to have greatly improved over the last 10 years with the advent of better facilities for investigation, new approaches to treatment, and. Hydrocephalus is a disorder in which an excessive amount of cerebrospinal fluid csf accumulates within the cerebral ventricles andor subarachnoid spaces, resulting in ventricular dilation and increased intracranial pressure icp. Acquired hydrocephalus acquired hydrocephalus is due to. Many patients with shunted hydrocephalus have normal intelligence and participate in all aspects of life 5055% achieve iq of 80 epilepsy is a poor predictor of intelligence conclusion. For infant hydrocephalus, shunting is the current mainstay of treatment. Peritoneal shunts in the management of hydrocephalus jama. An algorithmic approach to the management of unrecognized hydrocephalus in pediatric candidates for intrathecal baclofen pump implantation.
Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. Understand basic pathophysiology related to hydrocephalus and available treatments. This results in the rise of intracranial pressure inside the skull causing progressive increase in the size of the head, seizure, tunneling of vision, and mental disability. Hydrocephalus, history, surgery, cere brospinal fluid, shunts. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for tumorrelated hydrocephalus in. Chapter 94 surgical management of hydrocephalus in the adult. Obstructive hydrocephalus is present in 70% to 90% of patients with posterior fossa tumors at diagnosis. Hydrocephalus was isolated in nine cases 17% and associated with other abnormalities in 44 83%. Use of the codmanmedos programmable hakim valve in the. Department of neurosurgery, valldhebronuniversity hospital, autonomous university of barcelona, passeigvall dhebron119129, 08035 barcelona, spain.
Hydrocephalus is a common complication of sah, resulting from the massive collections of blood that fill the ventricles, block the aqueduct of sylvius, or obstruct the fourth ventricle. Hydrocephalus, from the greek word meaning water in the head, is a general term used to describe many conditions of fluid collected in the intracranial space. Endoscopic management of hypertensive intraventricular. Clinical features and diagnosis and hydrocephalus in children. This 71yearold woman was diagnosed as having the normal pressure hydrocephalus syndrome after 4 years of incontinence, progressive gait imbalance, and slowness of movement. The authors first described insertion of a specially designed lowprofile subcutaneous ventricular catheter reservoir for temporary management of hydrocephalus in 1983.
Conclusion despite advances in the management of hydrocephalus, the disease continue to cripple many children in developing countries due to late presentation. Updates in diagnostic evaluation and management of normal pressure hydrocephalus petra m. The ventricles and subarachnoid space appear enlarged secondary to loss of brain tissue. Hydrocephalus is defined as the enlargement of brain ventricles internal hydrocephalus andor subarachnoid spaces external hydrocephalus. As the name implies, it is a condition in which the primary characteristic is. The management of hydrocephalus around the world is still widely debated. Current management strategies of hydrocephalus in the child with. The cause may be known acquired or congemital or unknown apparently idiopathic. Although this book was originally written for parents, it con tains basic information about hydrocephalus that is valuable to every oneparents of children with hydrocephalus, families and individuals. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy etv, with or without choroid plexus cauterization cpc, is the only current alternative for the treatment of infant hydrocephalus. Management of hydrocephalus managing medical treatment and care as well as maintaining quality of life for your loved one or yourself is part of living with a chronic neurologic condition.
Another related effect of hydrocephalus is the possibility of learning disabilities. It is poorly recognized and many cases are not diagnosed until late in the course of disease, leading to poorer patient outcomes and a high financial cost to healthcare providers. We are a community of more than 103,000 authors and editors from 3,291 institutions spanning 160 countries, including nobel prize winners and some of the worlds mostcited researchers. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. Neonatal hydrocephalus nhc is increasingly becoming the most difficult management problem in paediatric neurosurgery but survival from the hydrocephalus has improved. Hydrocephalus can be defined broadly as a disturbance of formation, flow, or absorption of cerebrospinal fluid csf that leads to an increase in volume occupied by this fluid in the cns.
Management of hydrocephalus around the world sciencedirect. The question of whether to place an external ventricular drain evd, insert a ventriculoperitoneal shunt vps, perform an endoscopic third ventriculostomy etv, or defer csf diversion procedures before resective surgery depends on the clinical presentation and individual surgeon practice. Our success in diagnosing abnormalities associated with hydrocephalus improved from the time period 1977 through 1981 to that of 1982 through 1983. In hydrocephalus, csf builds up and puts pressure on the brain, squashing the delicate tissues and causing the chambers or ventricles within the brain to swell.
Download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf management of obstructive hydrocephalus in pregnant patient article pdf available october 2015 with 565 reads. Surgical management of adult hydrocephalus neurosurgery. Chapter 94 surgical management of hydrocephalus in the adult david m. Diagnosing normal pressure hydrocephalus nph can be frustrating. The treatment of hydrocephalus, over the centuri es, underwent. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, loop diuretic agents, osmotic agents and fibrinolytic therapy are discussed. The optimal management of hydrocephalus in a child with a posterior fossa tumor is a topic of debate. Aug 01, 2018 posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus is the most common cause of hydrocephalus in the preterm newborn, but the timing of surgical intervention for this condition remains controversial. Links to pubmed are also available for selected references. Hydrocephalus is defined as the excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricular system and cisterns of the brain, leading to an increase in intracranial pressure and its sequelae. As pediatric neurosurgery tends to become an autonomous division, some neurosurgeons become exclusively pediatric, and the need for a transition from pediatric to adult care is felt more acutely.
Management of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in premature infants catherine a. These conditions may also coexist with hydrocephalus, creating a challenge to clear and accurate diagnosis and making treatment difficult. Hydrocephalus is a disorder in which an excessive amount of cerebrospinal fluid accumulates within the cerebral ventricles andor subarachnoid spaces, resulting in ventricular dilation and increased intracranial pressure icp. Fortysix of these were shunts from the lumbar subarachnoid space in patients with communicating hydrocephalus. Updates in diagnostic evaluation and management of normal. Several authors have recommended etv for the treatment of hydrocephalus arising from various causes such as brain tumors, myelomeningoceles, meningitis. Hydrocephalus is a condition in which a disease state or defect causes an increase in the amount of cerebrospinal fluid csf present in the cranium, most commonly resulting in.
Nonetheless,with advances in medical treatment,children with hydrocephalus are growing up to. This report presents the followup experience with the. The term hydrocephalus is derived from the greek words hydro meaning water and cephalus meaning head. Transition of care for longterm management of hydrocephalus. Management of neonatal hydrocephalus sciencedirect. Management of hydrocephalus should be performed by considering mmc affecting craniospinal balance. Treatment of hydrocephalus for children or adults will likely involve a.